Culvert Construction Work

According to Highway Standards, structures with a support opening up to 10.00 m (including 10.00 m) are called culverts, structures with a opening over 10.00 m are called bridges. In forest roads, a opening up to 6.00 m (including 6.00 m) is called a culvert, and a structure over 6.00 m is called a bridge. They are divided into four types: pipe culverts, box culverts, arched culverts and deck culverts.

Types of Vents

Pipe culverts (pipes) used under low-height fillings are cast in concrete or reinforced concrete with a circular cross-section or in the shape of a basket handle. They are not used in high fillings because they are easy to break and crack. Since they are cast in advance, circular pipes, which are used mostly in maintenance work and emergency situations, have diameters of 0.60-0.80-1.00 and 1.20 m.

Box culverts are reinforced concrete box-section culverts with free openings of 1.00-1.0-2.00-2.50-3.00 m and free heights of 0.60-1.00-1.50-2.00-3.00 m, with wing walls at both ends, namely upstream and downstream. Those with free openings of 1.00 and 1.50 m are used under embankments of up to 15.00 m, while those with free openings of 2.00-2.50 and 3.00 m are used under embankments of up to 9.00 m. Those with two and three eyes can be applied up to a maximum embankment height of 6.00 m. The application of “box culvert” types should be avoided as much as possible in streams with high water flow rates and stone dragging.

Arch culvert types are arranged as free opening (L = 0.70, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00 meters) and (L = 6.00, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00, 10.00 meters). Foot heights are taken as (0.60, 1.00, 1.50 m). They can also be applied as multi-eyed. The engineer who made the project, the site manager or the control engineer will decide on this according to the situation. These types can be constructed in 3 ways. All as concrete. The visible surfaces of the arch are rough-faced, cornice ramp and "D stones" concrete and cut stone, other parts as rubble stone. The arch part is concrete, the other parts are as in article 2, rough crushed and rubble construction is done with cement mortar at a dosage of 300 kg/m3, arch elevation and dry foundation, concrete is done at a dosage of 200 kg/m3.

Regardless of the number of openings, if the distance between two side abutments is less than 10.0 m, it is called a culvert with a deck, and if it is greater than 10.0 m, it is called a bridge. In these types of culverts, the distance between the curbs is accepted as 4.00 m for secondary village roads, 6.00 m for busy village roads, 7.00 m for provincial roads, and 8.00 m for state roads. Pedestrian sidewalks and guardrails are mandatory on bridges. This is not mandatory on culverts. In culverts and bridges with decks, the deck concrete must be poured continuously without interruption. In culverts, the deck is in the form of a slab, while in bridges it is beamed. Culverts and bridges with decks are generally not built under the fill, and the upper level of the deck is taken as red level.